What is the most common cause of epilepsy?

The most common cause of epilepsy is categorized as "unknown" because, despite extensive research, the underlying cause of seizures in many individuals remains unclear. This phenomenon is often referred to as idiopathic epilepsy, where no definitive structural or metabolic abnormalities can be identified through diagnostics. Various factors, including genetic predispositions, environmental influences, and individual medical histories, may contribute to the development of epilepsy, but pinpointing a specific cause is often elusive for many patients.

While genetic disorders can play a significant role in some cases of epilepsy, and brain injuries and infections can also lead to seizure disorders, these factors do not encompass the majority of cases. In fact, a substantial proportion of epilepsy cases have no identifiable cause, leading clinicians to classify them as unknown. This classification signifies a gap in our understanding of epilepsy's etiology, emphasizing the complexity of the condition and the need for continued research and comprehensive evaluation in patients who experience seizures.