Tay-Sachs disease is most commonly associated with which population in the United States?

Tay-Sachs disease is most commonly associated with Jewish Americans, particularly those of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. This condition is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the HEXA gene, leading to a deficiency in the enzyme hexosaminidase A, which is necessary for breaking down certain fatty substances in the brain and nerve cells. The higher prevalence of Tay-Sachs within this population is attributed to founder effects and genetic drift, where specific genetic traits become more common in certain groups over generations due to isolation or limited mating options.

Jewish Americans are significantly affected because Tay-Sachs was historically more prevalent in their genetic ancestry, leading to increased carrier rates. Carrier screening programs for Tay-Sachs and other genetic diseases are often promoted within the community to help prospective parents understand their risk of passing the disease to their offspring. This awareness and genetic counseling have become vital components of healthcare within the community, particularly for those considering starting families.